Petroleum distillation instruments are specialized devices used to separate different components of crude oil based on their boiling points. These instruments are essential for determining the volatility and boiling range of petroleum products, such as gasoline, diesel, and jet fuel. The distillation process helps in analyzing the quality and composition of fuels, ensuring they meet industry standards and regulations. These instruments typically include distillation columns, condensers, and temperature control systems to accurately perform the separation process.