Optical oxygen sensors utilize both ruthenium and platinum-based fluorescent molecules whose fluorescence is quenched by the presence of molecular oxygen. These molecules were embed into thin-films that are applied to the tips of fiber optic probes or to peel-and-stick patches for non-invasive measurement.
Oxygen sensor probes are available in designs including slender probes for fine spatial resolution applications to rugged stainless steel probes for robust environments.